Although it may appear that participation of women in the labor force has increased significantly in recent times, but that is not the case – at least not at the global level. Even though the labor force participation rate for women aged 25-54 has undeniably increased from 67 percent in 1990 to 77 percent in 2021 in high-income countries, situation looks quite differently in all other income groups. According to estimates from the International Labour Organization (ILO), only 61.4 percent of women in prime working age were either employed or actively seeking employment globally in 2022, which is actually a small decline from 62.8 percent in 1990.








